Dyslipidemia is a major metabolic condition characterized by abnormal concentrations of serum lipids, including elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), high Triglycerides, or low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C). It is a primary driver of coronary plaque accumulation and ischemic stroke. Lipid evaluation and therapy are managed by Dr. Sai Sekhar Pyla in Muralinagar, Visakhapatnam.
Causes & Risk Factors
- Dietary Factors: High intake of saturated fats, trans-fats, fried foods, and refined sugars.
- Metabolic & Genetic Conditions: Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Type 2 Diabetes, Hypothyroidism, and Chronic Kidney Disease.
- Sedentary Lifestyle & Obesity: Lack of exercise lowers protective HDL cholesterol.
Diagnostic Target Thresholds
| Lipid Parameter | Optimal Target Level | High / Borderline Risk |
|---|---|---|
| LDL Cholesterol ("Bad") | < 100 mg/dL (< 70 mg/dL in high risk) | ≥ 160–189 mg/dL |
| Serum Triglycerides | < 150 mg/dL | 200–499 mg/dL |
| HDL Cholesterol ("Good") | > 40 mg/dL (Men) / > 50 mg/dL (Women) | < 40 mg/dL |
Treatment Strategy
- Statin Pharmacotherapy: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Atorvastatin / Rosuvastatin) to reduce LDL-C synthesis and stabilize vascular endothelial lining.
- Ezetimibe / Fibrate Add-on: Indicated for severe hypertriglyceridemia (> 500 mg/dL) to prevent acute pancreatitis.
- Nutritional & Lifestyle Interventions: Elimination of trans-fats, increased soluble dietary fiber, and weight management.
